The development of a safe and effective microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is urgently needed. Unfortunately, the majority of microbicides, such as poly(L-lysine)-dendrimers, anionic polymers, or antiretrovirals, have proved inactive or even increased the risk of HIV infection in clinical trials, most probably due to the fact that these compou...

INTRODUCTION In women aged 50 years and over attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) department the commonest presentation was with symptoms of vulval soreness, irritation or dryness. Atrophic vulvovaginitis (AVV) was the commonest diagnosis made. This study was undertaken to determine if the presence of AVV was related to the use, or not, of systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHO...

Perineal groove is a rare congenital malformation that is characterized by an exposed wet sulcus with nonkeratinized mucous membrane that extends from the posterior vaginal fourchette to the anterior ridge of the anal orifice. This condition is one of the uncommon anomalies of urogenital/anogenital region that is unknown to many clinicians. Although, this condition may be self-resolved before t...

Various problems such as vaginal discharge, cervical cancer, skin irritation, genitals, allergies, inflammation or urinary tract infections may arise if poor maintenance over the cleanliness of reproductive organs. Therefore, it is essential to have good knowledge and attitude regarding perineal hygiene achieve health for adolescents. This study find out relationship attitudes, incidence female...

Possible causes of sacral and low back pain in the postpartum patient include sacroiliac joint dysfunction, sacroiliitis, lower lumbar diskitis, and irritation of the sciatic nerve. Postpartum stress fracture is a recognized cause of pain that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the postpartum patient's low back pain. Several case reports of postpartum stress fracture are now ...

After having intercourse or sex for the first time, a person may experience a range of physical or emotional reactions. Common physical reactions vary, too, and can include soreness, numbness, pleasure, orgasm, no orgasm, lubrication, no lubrication, irritation, urinary tract infection (UTI) [2], vaginal infection, or a sexually transmitted infection (STI) [3], with or without symptoms [4]. Com...

We describe the pathology of a unique case of Fallopian tube amebiasis, associated with hydrosalpinx, in a 21-year-old woman. She complained of lower abdominal pain, had a foul-smelling green vaginal discharge and fever during one week. There was a discrete increase in body temperature and a painful abdominal palpation at the lower right side, with signs of local peritoneal irritation. Patholog...

A total of 80 patients were equally randomized to receive a single dose of 6.5% tioconazole ointment or a 3-day course of 100-mg clotrimazole vaginal tablets for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Of the 32 evaluable patients treated with tioconazole, 27 (84%) remained asymptomatic 4 weeks posttreatment, compared with 28 of 33 patients (85%) treated with clotrimazole. A total of 34 pati...