introduction: objective structured clinical examination (osce) is used for the evaluation of the clinical competence in medicine for which it is essential to measure validity and reliability. this study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of osce for residents of obstetrics and gynecology at kermanshah university of medical sciences in 2011. methods: a descriptive-correlation stud...

Background and Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease that causes 6% of deaths, 90% of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. Improving these patients' quality of life (QOL) is one of the primary treatment goals. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is used to measure the health status of patients with respiratory problems. This resear...

Utilities and Manufacturers continually deploy new technologies on their systems with the goal of either providing new functionality or improving reliability. Although these devices can be tested in the lab, these results need to be confirmed by field experience. The traditional anonymous Control group approach is often not possible in the Utility context as installations are made when possible...

Despite current 802.11i security protocol, wireless networks are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Sending a continuous stream of forgery control frames by an attacker can easily flood wireless channel so that the network cannot be available for its associated users. These attacks are possible because wireless control frames do not carry any cryptographic mechanism to detect and di...

Norms describe the permissions, prohibitions and obligations of agents in multi-agent systems in order to regulate their behavior. In this paper we propose a normative modeling language that makes possible the modeling of norms motivating the modeling of such norms together with the nonnormative part of the system. In addition, we also propose a mechanism to validate the norms at design time, i...