Western Marxist scholars take “immaterial labor,” “audience labor” and “prosumer as the core categories to explain problem of value creation profit sources digital capital in online production consumption activities Web 2.0 era. By analyzing process capitalism, they have come conclusion that contemporary capitalist has taken on an overall “novel” character. On basis special cost structure produ...

Traditional GARCH models fail to explain at least two of the stylized facts found in financial series: the asymmetry of the distribution of errors and the leverage effect. The leverage effect stems from the fact that losses have a greater influence on future volatilities than do gains. Asymmetry means that the distribution of losses has a heavier tail than the distribution of gains. We test whe...

A unified family of goodness-of-fit tests based on φ-divergences is introduced and studied. The new family of test statistics Sn(s) includes both the supremum version of the Anderson–Darling statistic and the test statistic of Berk and Jones [Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete 47 (1979) 47–59] as special cases (s = 2 and s = 1, resp.). We also introduce integral versions of the new statistics. We show t...