Vertical wind shear and storm motion are two of the most important factors contributing to rainfall asymmetries in tropical cyclones (TCs). Global TC rainfall structure, in terms of azimuthal distribution and asymmetries relative to storm motion, has been previously described using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager rainfall estimates. The mean TC rainfall distribution and...

Wind-profiling lidars are now regularly used in boundary-layer meteorology and in applications such as wind energy and air quality. Lidar wind profilers exploit the Doppler shift of laser light backscattered from particulates carried by the wind to measure a line-of-sight (LOS) velocity. The Doppler beam swinging (DBS) technique, used by many commercial systems, considers measurements of this L...

We investigated the validity of seismic site response characteristics estimated from microtremors by comparing them with those of earthquake motions. For this purpose we observed microtremors as well as earthquake motions using large (5-km diameter) and small (0.5-km diameter) arrays deployed on soft sediments. Specifically, we examined four estimates from microtremors: relative site amplificat...

Although wake vortices are known to decay more rapidly near the ground than away from the ground, the details of the ground interaction are not well understood. Propeller anemometer arrays located under the approach path have been used to study vortex transport and provide some information about the vortex interaction with the ground, such as the generation of secondary vortices via boundary-la...

Sonic anemometers are capable of measuring the wind speed in all three dimensions at high frequencies (10–50 Hz), and are relied upon to estimate eddy-covariance-based fluxes of mass and energy over a wide variety of surfaces and ecosystems. In this study, wind-velocity measurement errors from a three-dimensional sonic anemometer with a nonorthogonal transducer orientation were estimated for ov...

Six-yr-long time series of winds, waves, and water velocity from a cabled coastal observatory in 12 m of water reveal the separate dependence of the cross-shelf velocity profile on cross-shelf and along-shelf winds, waves, and tides. During small waves, cross-shelf wind is the dominant mechanism driving the cross-shelf circulation after tides and tidal residual motions are removed. The along-sh...

During the recent earthquakes, the vertical component of the ground motion found to be exceeding the horizontal component, which directly contradicts the current codal provision that assumes the value of the vertical ground motion to be 1/2 to 2/3 of the horizontal component. Almost after every destructive earthquake engineers postulates that the structural damage such as elephant foot buckling...

This study investigated the characteristics of 60 typhoons approaching Japan over past 14 years (2006–2019) by conducting statistical analysis their temporal evolution, active hours, intensity, frequency, size, duration, and translation speed. By dividing time period into earlier (before 2012) most recent (after 2013) years, indicated that annual frequency is higher in than years. The took rela...

Flexible structures (such as long-span suspension bridges which undergo wind or earthquake excitations) exhibit complex dynamic behavior. Due to high cost of strengthening such structures, as well as the technological advances in recent years, much attention has been given to using innovative means of enhancing structural functionality and safety against natural hazards. Among the methods used ...

The hypothesis was proved that whole body vibrations transmitted through the seat impair spatial retinal resolution and oculomotor alignment parallel to the vibration axis. More specifically, it was assumed that the decrement increases gradually from single-axis lateral via single-axis vertical and dual-axis linear to dual-axis circular motions. 20 subjects (19-26 yrs, 14 men, 6 women) with goo...