background and purpose: emergency physicians play an important role in the immediate diagnosis of bioterrorism activities. the present study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of virtual learning and classroom learning in approach to bioterrorism and chemical terrorism for emergency physician s. methods: this was a semi-empirical study, which was conducted via testing...

This paper presents a 3D-distributed virtual environment, which allows for the creation of applications to enable multiple users to collaboratively interact in, and communicate about, a virtual world. This virtual environment is used to primarily support a flight simulator application by providing communications routines and networking synchronisation between the client and the server. Four ser...

This article aims to redefine the concept of Thirdspace and make a trilateral relationship between the three concepts of real space, virtual space and the user. To do so, not only the concept of Thirdspace has to be redefined, but also a new understanding of virtual space as a relatively independent space is required. This three-sided relation requires a new understanding of the relationship be...

Background: According to the situation of education in Iran it is clear that over the years, there has been no successful attempt to identify related challenges and problems to development and implementation of virtual training. In this regard, the effect of this type of training influenced by the role of hidden curriculum of education in the country.   Based on this, current study has investig...

This paper defines a new invariant of virtual knots and flat virtual knots. We study this invariant in two forms: the extended bracket invariant and the arrow polyomial. The extended bracket polynomial takes the form of a sum of virtual graphs with polynomial coefficients. The arrow polynomial is a polynomial with a finite number of variables for any given virtual knot or link. We show how the ...

Purchase of virtual goods and services is now a major source of revenue for developers on platforms like Facebook, Xbox, and iOS. These virtual economies are typically based on users maintaining a stored-value account of virtual-currency (purchased with real-currency) with the platform. While the model is similar to that of a bank, these economies lack transparency and regulatory oversight that...