Methods: Fresh EBM was collected from 50 HIV+ mothers in Durban, South Africa. Mothers washed their hands and then manually expressed 75–150 mL EBM into sterile jars. Milk was aliquoted to unheated controls or flash-heat (50 mL EBM in a glass jar heated in a 450-mL water jacket in an aluminum pan until water boiled, then EBM removed) simulating field conditions with an open flame. Samples were ...

complex heat transfer phenomena (including unsteady state conduction, convection and solidification processes) occur in steel belt conveyer sulfur granulating method. numerical simulation of this technique is performed via a comprehensive and multifaceted one dimensional model. since the air situated between the adjacent sulfur pastilles is essentially stagnant, therefore, the surface temperatu...

BACKGROUND World Health Organization advocates heat treatment of expressed breastmilk (EBM) as one method to reduce postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developing countries. Flash-heat is a simple heat treatment method shown to inactivate cell-free HIV. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of flash-heat on vitamin content of milk. METHODS Fresh EBM was collected fro...

We present here the results of the analysis of the stability experiment SeCRETS, performed on two Nb3Sn cable-inconduit conductors with the same amount of total copper stabilizer, but different degree of segregation. The model used for the analysis, including superconducting strands, conductor jacket and helium, is solved with the code GandalfTM. We obtain a qualitative agreement of simulation ...

There are extensive applications of lithium bromide-water absorption chillers in industry, but the heat exchangers corrosion and refrigerating capacity loss are very difficult to be solved. In this paper, an experiment was conducted by using plastic heat transfer tubes instead of copper tubes. As an example, for a lithium bromide-water absorption chiller of refrigerating capacity of 35kW, the c...

Heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency of γ-Al2O3/water nanofluids flowing through a double tube heat exchanger were experimentally investigated. The nanoparticles were well dispersed in distilled water at 0.05–0.15 %vol. A large number of experiments were performed at different fluid flow rates under turbulent flow regime (18,000<Re<40,000) and various nanofluid...

The article highlights the problem of automation thermal design a reactor for synthesis sulfur-containing sorbent obtained from use waste products epichlorohydrin, chlorinated lignin and sodium polysulfides is considered. Automated helps to reduce intensity process, improve quality decisions, significantly production costs, which has positive effect on cost finished products. It been found that...

in this study, the natural convection heat transfer of variable properties al2o3-eg-water nanofluid in a differentially heated rectangular cavity has been investigated numerically. the governing equations, for a newtonian fluid, have been solved numerically with a finite volume approach. the influences of the pertinent parameters such as ra in the range of 103-107 and volume fraction of nanopar...

Experimental data was generated by performing the experiment on a plate heat exchanger for water/water system, at different flow rate and different hot water inlet temperature, at steady state conditions. Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) is determined for the performance evaluation of plate heat exchanger. The thermal properties of water (thermal Conductivity, Specific heat and density) at...