In this research, a water-water heat pump system using waste water as a heat source, a type that is not often used in Turkey and the World, was experimentally modeled. The experiments were performed under the conditions of simulated waste water temperature values of 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C. Inlet and outlet water temperatures of the evaporator and condenser, water flow rates in the evaporator an...

Abstract A review of the methods obtaining water in Canary Islands (Spain) is presented, dividing islands into two groups: eastern and western islands. This division due to different origins resources, with using mainly underground sources, while ones main source seawater desalination. Water sources define way which obtained, as well energy expenditure obtain it. In this review, consumption dri...

The inclusion of environmental flow requirements (EFRs) in global water scarcity assessments is essential to obtain a reasonable representation the status. However, at scale, quantification EFRs subject large uncertainties resulting from various methods. So far, it unclear what extent affect assessments. In this study, we examined differences between EFR estimation methods and quantified their ...