It is well-established that population health is influenced by a multitude of factors, many of which lie outside the scope of the health sector. In the public health literature it is often assumed that intersectoral engagement with nonhealth sectors will be instrumental in addressing these social determinants of health. Due to the expected desirable outcomes in population health, several countr...

We introduce the notion ofstrongly $alpha$-reversible rings which is a strong version of$alpha$-reversible rings, and investigate its properties. We firstgive an example to show that strongly reversible rings need not bestrongly $alpha$-reversible. We next argue about the strong$alpha$-reversibility of some kinds of extensions. A number ofproperties of this version are established. It is shown ...

Embedding health technology assessment (HTA) in a fair process has great potential to capture societal values relevant to public reimbursement decisions on health technologies. However, the development of such processes for priority setting has largely been theoretical. In this paper, we provide further practical lead ways on how these processes can be implemented. We first present the misconce...

While many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Health organization (WHO), uniquely the World Bank in its 2015 World Development Report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. Here, we describe the World Bank’s study design, including experiments ...

This paper examines several problematic aspects of George Reisman’s Capitalism: A Treatise on Economics, specifically, five problems in the economics of natural resources. I argue first, that Reisman’s work lacks sufficient grounding in economic theory. Second, his exposition neglects important arguments in the environmental literature. Third, it avoids problems of uncertainty, leading to a fau...

Justice Department attorneys presented their arguments as to whether the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can regulate tobacco before a skeptical US Supreme Court in early December. The case, named FDA versus Brown & Williamson Tobacco is a major part of the Clinton administration’s attempts to reign in the politically powerful tobacco industry and to promote public health by reducing the ...

In order for one agent to meet its goals, it will often need to influence another to act on its behalf, particularly in a society in which agents have heterogenous sets of abilities. To effect such influence, it is necessary to consider both the social context and the dialogical context in which influence is exerted, typically through utterance. Both of these facets, the social and the dialogic...