Pre-transfusion testing is performed to ensure the normal survival of transfused red blood cell products i.e. to prevent hemolytic transfusion reaction via immune-mediated mechanism [1]. The serological part of pre-transfusion testing includes; ABO group and Rh (D) type, antibody screening and crossmatching [2]. Antibody screening is included to detect unexpected antibody and was first introduc...

The currently advocated pre-manipulative risk assessment protocols include the use of provocative positional tests to challenge the integrity of the vascular supply to the brain. This paper examines the validity of these pre-manipulative provocative tests in light of recent studies involving ultrasound scanning of the vertebral arteries in subjects who also had provocative tests performed. Thes...

We fit the colour-magnitude diagrams of stars between the zero-age main-sequence and terminal-age main sequence in young clusters and associations. The ages we derive are a factor 1.5 to 2 longer than the commonly used ages for these regions, which are derived from the positions of pre-main-sequence stars in colour-magnitude diagrams. From an examination of the uncertainties in the main-sequenc...

The quantum statistical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field establish a limit, known as shot-noise on sensitivity optical measurements performed with classical technologies. However, technologies are not constrained by this limit. In regard, possibility using every photon produced sources light to estimate small physical parameters, beyond constitutes one main goals optics. Here we experi...

A growing trend in primary schools recent times has been to outsource Physical Education (PE) external sport and activity providers. The impact of this not yet examined on new teachers entering the profession. Drawing upon Critical Theory, paper aims explore understand pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) school-based experience learning teaching PE. total 625 PSTs took part study, representing a varie...