growing usage of animals in the research projects has drawn more attention to their welfare and ethics surrounding this practice. dissemination of information about the existing ethical consideration and alternatives in animal experiments has two important functions; first, it increases the researcher's awareness of the possible methods of using animals in the experiment, and second, to ensure ...

introduction: the prevalence of hearing loss in neonates is 2-5 out of every 1,000 live births. global health committee, american academy of otolaryngology, and american academy of pediatrics have recommended that hearing loss in infants be identified, and treated when possible, prior to 6 months of age. this study was designed with the aim to screen the hearing of neonates in mashhad, iran. me...

This paper compares equilibrium paths and the welfare costs between a seignorage tax along both transitional dynamics and steady state. Using a framework that combines monetary policy with public finance, one of these two taxes is used to finance an exogenous stream of public spending in a fashion to balance the government budget. If only equilibrium paths in a steady state are compared, the we...

Simulation of a process and analysis of its resulting data in both dynamic and steady-state conditions are fundamental steps in understanding the process in order to design and efficient control of system as well as implementing operational cost reduction scheme. In the present paper, steady and unsteady state simulation of Amir Kabir1, 3 butadiene purification units has been done by using Aspe...

We illustrate two differential oligopoly games using, respectively, the capital accumulation dynamics à la Solow-Nerlove-Arrow, and the capital accumulation dynamics à la Ramsey. In both settings, we evaluate the effects of (gross) profit taxation, proving that there exist tax rates yielding the same steady state social welfare as under social planning. Contrary to the static approach, our dyna...

North–South foreign direct investment (FDI) is frequently viewed as a process in which jobs relocate from the North to South. I build growth model with two asymmetric trading economies, where firms innovate and South Northern invest take advantage of lower wages. Contrary expectation, find that FDI costs increase unemployment both There are effects on unemployment, positive one contributes turn...

We investigate the bearings of network externalities on product quality improvements requiring costly R&D investments. The model considers the dynamic behaviour of a monopolist alternatively maximising profits or social welfare. On the one hand, we confirm much of the acquired wisdom from the static literature on the same topic, about the arising of quality undersupply at the private optimum. O...