this paper presents a gaussian radial basis function neural network based on sliding mode control for trajectory tracking and vibration control of a flexible joint manipulator. to study the effectiveness of the controllers, designed controller is developed for tip angular position control of a flexible joint manipulator. the adaptation laws of designed controller are obtained based on sliding m...

Various peripheral receptors provide information concerning position and movement to the central nervous system to achieve complex and dexterous movements of forelimbs in primates. The response properties of single afferent receptors to movements at a single joint have been examined in detail, but the population coding of peripheral afferents remains poorly defined. In this study, we obtained m...

N D c m Q f c HE PATIENT 33-year-old, left-handed woman who is a homeaker reports 2 months of left wrist pain. The pain is orse when lifting her children, opening bottles, or urning doorknobs. She has seen her primary care docor who diagnosed her with “tendonitis” and prescribed er an unscheduled nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory rug (NSAID) and a wrist splint. Physical exam idenifies tenderness a...

Recently a new theory about the cause of ulnar deviation of the fingers in the rheumatoid hand has been suggested, in which the position of the wrist plays an important role (Shapiro 1968). Shapiro has suggested that ulnar phalangeal drift is part of the zigzag pattern which occurs when the carpus-metacarpus acts as an intercalated bone as in the biarticular system of Landsmeer (Landsmeer 1961)...

The sulcus of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon is located in the posterolateral aspect of the ulna in the groove between the head of the ulna and the ulnar styloid process. 6 This is well demonstrated in a crosssection through the cadaver wrist at the level of the distal radioulnar joint (Fig. 1). The ulnar styloid process of the ulna is always posterior to the head of the ulna. To evalu...

BACKGROUND Radial dysplasia affects 1 in 6,000 to 8,000 births, classically presenting with a shortened, bowed ulna and radially deviated hand. The optimal treatment remains unclear, with several opposing approaches advocated. This review aims to clarify the long-term outcomes of nonsurgical and surgical treatment of the "wrist" deformity. METHODS The Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Central...

This paper proposes a systematic method to identify the joint zero offset of industrial robot. Small offset always exist in robot joint, which affect the precision in kinematic equations leading to calculate wrong joint angle values. To solve these problems, the proposed method employs a portable dual Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) device and a focusable laser point (FLP). The portable dual ...

Background The location of the ulnar styloid process can be confusing because the radius and the hand rotate around the ulna. The purpose of this study was to identify the absolute location of the ulnar styloid process, which is independent of forearm pronation or supination, to use it as a reference for neutral forearm rotation on lateral radiographs of the wrist. Methods Computed tomography...