Health literacy continues to experience the normal growing pains of an emerging field of inquiry and practice. The evolving concept of health literacy requires the development of new measurement tools in order to adequately study interventions and identify best practices. This article describes a multi-stage process of engaging the largest known international group of health literacy profession...

Zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) exert regulatory activities on immune functions, while cadmium (Cd) is an immunotoxic agent. The object of this study was to detect effects of 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6 M Cd sulphate, Zn sulphate, and sodium selenite, and their combinations on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Only 10-5 M Zn sulphate significantly...

The Ministry of Social Welfare, Government of India, launched in October, 1975 a total of 33 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Projects (19 rural, 10 tribal and 4 urban) with the specific objectives of improving the nutritional and health status of children in the age group of 0-5+ years, reducing the incidence of mortality, morbidity, mal-nutrition and school drop-out and enhancing ...

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) therapy has revolutionized the management of many forms of anal incontinence, with an expanded use and a medium-term efficacy of 75% overall. This review discusses the technique of SNM therapy, along with its complications and troubleshooting and a discussion of the early data pertaining to peripheral posterior tibial nerve stimulation in incontinent patients. Futur...

Tissue function depends on hierarchical structures extending from single cells (B10 lm) to functional subunits (100 lm– 1 mm) that coordinate organ functions. Conventional cell culture disperses tissues into single cells while neglecting higher-order processes. The application of semiconductordriven microtechnology in the biomedical arena now allows fabrication of microscale tissue subunits tha...