This paper introduces the Method of Microwave Rainfall Normalization (MMN) for Global Satellite Mapping Precipitation (GSMaP) algorithm in its latest version (V05, 8), released December 2021. The method aims to mitigate discrepancy GSMaP rainfall estimates among passive microwave (PMW) imagers/sounders (MWIs/MWSs) due differences sensor specifications and retrieval algorithms. basic idea MMN mo...

Hydrological modeling has always been a challenge in the data-scarce watershed, especially areas with complex terrain conditions like inland river basin Central Asia. Taking Bosten Lake Basin Northwest China as an example, accuracy and hydrological applicability of satellite-based precipitation datasets were evaluated. The gauge-adjusted version six widely used was adopted; namely, Precipitatio...

This paper presents a novel generalized particle model (GPM) for the parallel optimization of enterprise computing*. Since enterprise computing always involves the resource allocation, task assignment, and behavior coordination, without loss of generality, the proposed GPM is devoted to the optimization of enterprise computing in the context of the resource allocation and task assignment in com...

We consider the generalized problem of moments (GPM) from a computational point of view and provide a hierarchy of semidefinite programming relaxations whose sequence of optimal values converges to the optimal value of the GPM. We then investigate in detail various examples of applications in optimization, probability, financial economics and optimal control, which all can be viewed as particul...

Rain gauge and satellite-retrieved data have been widely used in basin-scale hydrological applications. While rain gauges provide accurate measurements that are generally unevenly distributed in space, satellites offer spatially regular observations and common error prone retrieval. Comparative evaluation of gauge-based and satellite-based data is necessary in hydrological studies, as precipita...

A Validation Network (VN) prototype is currently underway that compares data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite Precipitation Radar (PR) to similar measurements from U.S. and international operational weather radars. This prototype is a major component of the Ground Validation System (GVS) activities supporting the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The p...