abu lu’lu was an iranian pov who killed the second caliph, omar, in 23 ah in the mosque of medina. he immediately killed himself afterward. centuries later, a shrine was built for him in kashan and he took on a new personality for the people who lived there. this essay describes the life and works of this character.

BACKGROUND Historical records suggest that multiple burial sites from the 14th-16th centuries in Venice, Italy, were used during the Black Death and subsequent plague epidemics. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS High throughput, multiplexed real-time PCR detected DNA of seven highly transmissible pathogens in 173 dental pulp specimens collected from 46 graves. Bartonella quintana DNA was identif...

Medieval pavements composed of lead-glazed tiles decorated with a variety techniques continue to inspire questions about the organisation glaze manufacture, and supply origin lead materials. The analysed in this study are from Suscinio I (a 13th-century pavement) II 14th-century pavement), at Château Brittany, also pavement fortified manor house Brain-sur-Allonnes, Anjou. Lead isotope analysis ...

ResumenLa plaza medieval italiana, cuyo apogeo tiene lugar entre los siglos XIII y XIV e inmediatamente antes de la revolución que va a suponer el quattrocento, constituye uno espacios más interesantes historia del urbanismo arquitectura. Las características estos conjuntos tienen en común, las relaciones arquitectura conforma propio espacio generado por ésta, se analizan aquí partir conceptos ...

the art of carpet weaving has undergone changes during the course of history. this ancient art has gradually found its place among other branches of art due to its artistic and consumer characteristics. the art of carpet weaving has heavily influenced other fields like painting for its elegant ornamentation. this paper will elaborate on the widespread relations between persian and italian art d...

For Muslims, the tawatur of the Quran—the fact that it has been massively and consecutively transmitted from generation to generation since the time of the Prophet—is among the most important proofs which shows that the Qur’an we have today is the same scripture that was revealed to the Prophet. However, this proof has been neglected in the studies of Western scholars on the topic of t...