a new approach is introduced to estimate the formal information of neurons. formal information, mainly discusses about the aspects of the response that is related to the stimulus. estimation is based on introducing a mathematical nonlinear model with hammerstein-wiener system estimator. this method of system identification consists of three blocks to completely describe the nonlinearity of inpu...

1. Even periodic ring theories and formal group laws 1 2. Formal groups 5 3. Geometry of formal groups 8 4. Heights of formal groups 12 5. Homology of Z× BU and related spaces 15 6. The Thom isomorphism 19 7. Elliptic spectra 24 8. The generalized Weierstrass equation 25 9. Modular forms 29 10. Elliptic curves and the group structure 30 11. Weierstrass parameters and Thom spectrum of ΩU(4) 33 1...

Formal Methods are mathematically-based techniques for software design and engineering, which enable the unambiguous description of reasoning about a system’s behaviour. Autonomous systems use to make decisions without human control, often embedded in robotic system, safety-critical, increasingly being introduced into everyday settings. need robust development verification methods, but formal m...

Empirical studies on formal methods and tools are rare. In this paper, we provide guidelines for such studies. We mention their main ingredients then define nine different study strategies (usability testing, laboratory experiments with software human subjects, case studies, qualitative surveys, judgement systematic literature reviews, mapping studies) discuss each of them crucial characteristi...

In [5] we build a formal verification technique for game based correctness proofs of cryptograhic algorithms based on a probabilistic Hoare style logic [10]. An important step towards enabling mechanized verification within this technique is an axiomatization of implication between predicates which is purely semantically defined in [10]. In this paper we provide an axiomatization and illustrate...