This work deals with the problem of fault-tolerant communication over networks, some of whose nodes are corrupted by a centralized byzantine adversary. The extant literature’s perspective of the problem of reliable communication, especially in networks whose topology is known, is that of a simple problem to which even some naive solutions (like message-flooding etc.) turn out to be reasonably e...

In the framework of fuzzy algebras with fuzzy equalities and acomplete lattice as a structure of membership values, we investigate fuzzyequational classes. They consist of special fuzzy algebras fullling the samefuzzy identities, dened with respect to fuzzy equalities. We introduce basicnotions and the corresponding operators of universal algebra: construction offuzzy subalgebras, homomorphisms...

Problem statement: In this study researchers propose a new fuzzy graph theoretic construct called fuzzy metagraph and a new method of clustering finding the similar fuzzy nodes in a fuzzy metagraph. Approach: We adopted T-norms (Triangular Norms) functions and join two or more Tnorms to cluster the fuzzy nodes. Fuzzy metagraph is the fuzzyfication of the crisp Metagraphs using fuzzy Generating ...

Despite their incentive structure flaws, mining pools account for more than 95% of Bitcoin’s computation power. This paper introduces an attack against mining pools in which a malicious party pays pool members to withhold their solutions from their pool operator. We show that an adversary with a tiny amount of computing power and capital can execute this attack. Smart contracts enforce the mali...

In this paper, a generalized form of the Banzhaf-Owen value for cooperative fuzzy games with a coalition structure is proposed. Its axiomatic system is given by extending crisp case. In order to better understand the Banzhaf-Owen value for fuzzy games with a coalition structure, we briefly introduce the Banzhaf-Owen values for two special kinds of fuzzy games with a coalition structure, and giv...

Themain purpose of this paper is to introduce a new structure that is a fuzzy TL-uniform space.We show that our structure generates a fuzzy topological space, precisely, a fuzzy Tlocality space. Also, we deduce the concept of level uniformities of a fuzzy TL-uniformity. We connect the category of fuzzy TL-uniform spaces with the category of uniform spaces. We establish a necessary and sufficien...

In order to promote efficiency and realize democracy ideal, Italy transplanted adversary system in 1988. Because of rampancy of organized crimes and compulsory prosecution system and material truth ideal, reformer’s effort was nibbled away by constitutional court of Italy. In 1999, the legislature of Italy amended Article 111 in Constitution which formed the constitutional basis of adversary sy...

The concept of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Modal Topological Structure (IFMTS) or for brevity, Topology (IFMT), is introduced. It proved that the two standard intuitionistic fuzzy topological operators C and I, modal ? ? generate different IFMTs. Some basic properties both IFMTs are discussed. important These will be a basis next research on IFMTSs. Ideas future development IFMT theory formulated.