Allocation of construction risks between clients and their contractors has a significant impact on the total construction costs. This paper presents a system dynamics (SD)-based approach for quantitative risk allocation. Using the proposed SD based approach, all the factors affecting the risk allocation process are modeled. The contractor’s defensive strategies against the one-sided risk alloca...

Accounting earning represents the positive performance of companies during theirpertinent financial periods, thus it is assumed that accounting earning will benoted by investors, which could contribute to the optimum allocation of resourcesto successful companies. It can also play a major role in the economic growth anddevelopment of a society. This research focuses in the relationship between ...

T paper considers a multicomponent, multiproduct periodic-review assemble-to-order (ATO) system that uses an independent base-stock policy for inventory replenishment. Product demands in each period are integer-valued correlated random variables, with each product being assembled from multiple units of a subset of components. The system quotes a prespecified response time window for each produc...

Co-production systems, in which multiple products are produced simultaneously in a single production run, are prevalent in many industries. Such systems typically produce a random quantity of vertically differentiated products. This product hierarchy enables the firm to fill demand for a lower-quality product by converting a higher-quality product. In addition to the challenges presented by ran...

Abstract T he return of capital is fundamental to the intertemporal allocation of resources by changing the consumption behavior and capital accumulation over time. Taxation on return of capital increases the marginal product of capital, meaning that capital stock is lower than when capital is not taxed, which results decreased growth and welfare in steady state. This pape...

This paper is to show clearly the real image of German cost accounting at the beginning of the 20 century. A.Messerschmitt and E.Schmalenbach played important roll in the establishment of German cost accounting. Messerschmitt worked as an engineer and a factory manager (entrepreneur). Messerschmitt expressed almost all cost elements as the percentage of labor costs in order to estimate unit pro...

In today’s competitive world, there are several strategies to deal with the fast changing environment, among which New product development (NPD) is a common strategy. However, almost half of the resources that companies devote to NPD are spent on products that may fail. This issue is particularly highlighted in the pharmaceutical industry mainly because of a long development-time, low success r...