COVID-19 has now turned into a global crisis affecting all sections of economy and investment. Many interventions have been applied to control the COVID-19 epidemic. It seems that these measures and plans need to be assessed in the coming weeks and months to determine whether or not they have been effective. Each of these interventions started in their appropriate time during the epidemic; some...

We consider a savings plan, where the paid capital is guaranteed at time of retirement, in the German market available as Riester-Rente and supported by federal cash payments and tax benefits. We generalize several capital guarantee mechanisms to payment plans and compare their distribution: the return distribution of a classical insurance strategy with investments in the actuarial reserve fund...

In this research, STNEP is being studied considering network adequacy and limitation of investment cost by decimal codification genetic algorithm (DCGA). The goal is obtaining the maximum of network adequacy with lowest expansion cost for a specific investment. Finally, the proposed idea is applied to the Garvers 6-bus network. The results show that considering the network adequacy for solution...

It is important to assure that antimicrobial interventions applied on/into foods to control pathogenic microorganisms are functioning properly and achieving the desired goal of preventing, reducing and/or eliminating microbial hazards associated with a defined food product. This approach is necessary both to ensure that antimicrobial interventions are having the desired positive effect on food ...

Most articles that discuss the economics of security focus on the use of rational choice decision models for evaluating investment alternatives. However, security investment decisions involve risk and several researchers have noted that risk related decisions often violate the fundamental principles of rational choice decision models. Accordingly, we assert that problems exist with using these ...

The levelsof investments in North Macedonia have beenperceived for a long time assub-optimal, with significant capital budget bias, regularly overestimated plans vs. outturn. research problem elaborated is whether the structure of matters. Thus objectiveof article to examine if there complementarity or substitutability between public and private investment, as well role foreign direct this nexu...