We present a single-molecule imaging platform that quantitatively explores the spatiotemporal dynamics of individual insulin receptors in living cells. Modified DNA aptamers that specifically recognize insulin receptors (IRs) with a high affinity were selected through the SELEX process. Using quantum dot-labeled aptamers, we successfully imaged and analyzed the diffusive motions of individual I...

Neurotrophic factor signaling modulates cellular and behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. Among other biochemical adaptations, chronic exposure to abused drugs decreases the expression of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2; a protein involved in neurotrophic signaling) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a neural substrate for many drugs of abuse. Using viral-mediated gene transfer to loca...

k-Interval Routing Scheme (k-IRS) is a compact routing method that allows up to k interval labels to be assigned to an arc. A fundamental problem is to characterize the networks that admit k-IRS. All of the problems related to single-shortest-path k-IRS have already been shown to be NP-complete. For all-shortest-path k-IRS, the characterization problems have been proved to be NP-complete for ev...

Caffeine decreases insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle; however, the precise mechanism responsible for this deleterious effect is not understood fully. We investigated the effects of incubation with caffeine on insulin signaling in rat epitrochlearis muscle. Caffeine (≥1 mM, ≥15 min) suppressed insulin-stimulated insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 Tyr...

IRS-III is the first WSMO compliant system for supporting the Semantic Web Services technologies and it is based on the IRS-II [3]. This paper presents how we integrated the OWL-S [5] service description ontology to IRS-III. We describe how the underlying model of IRS-III supports OWL-S.

IRS-III is the first WSMO compliant system for supporting the Semantic Web Services technologies and it is based on the IRS-II [3]. This paper presents how we integrated the OWL-S [5] service description ontology to IRS-III. We describe how the underlying model of IRS-III supports OWL-S.

The analysis and optimization of single intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted systems have been extensively studied, whereas little is known regarding multiple-IRS-assisted systems. This paper investigates the a double-IRS cooperatively assisted downlink system (D-IRS-C), where multi-antenna base station (BS) serves single-antenna user with help two multi-element IRSs, connected by an i...

There is a need to identify more effective drugs for the treatment of ovarian cancer as it is the leading cause of death among gynecologic tumors. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a natural retinoid, arrests the growth of CA-OV3 ovarian carcinoma cells in G(0)-G(1). Because the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor has been implicated in the proliferation of various tumors, we investigated its p...

Progesterone action contributes to the signaling of many growth factor pathways relevant to breast cancer tumor biology, including the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. Previous work has shown that insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) but not IRS-1 levels were regulated by progestin in progesterone receptor-B (PR-B) isoform expressing MCF-7 cells (C4-12 PR-B). Furthermore, type 1 IGF rec...