The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the problems,obstacles and labor qualities of temporary markets of Tehran in holidays. The research method is documentary, survey and field-work andsampling method is related to cluster and systematic one. The population ischosen from all customers and sellers in temporary markets. In this research, it uses of Amos 5 and SPSS16 soft wares and...

Urban forests are increasingly being seen as an important infrastructure that can help cities remediate their environmental impacts. This work reports on the first steps in implementing a million tree program in Los Angeles and the ways such a biogenic-living-infrastructure has been approached. Numbers of studies have been done to quantify the benefits of urban forests, but little has been writ...

First and second wave digital divide research underemphasizes the digital labor force divide and overestimates the impact of access to and skill in digital technology. Such emphasis deprives digital divide scholarship of its democratizing potential by muting structural critique and recasting the divide as a problem of diffusion. To the extent that it promotes diffusion over equality, the digita...

Abstract While the level of women’s participation in the labor market is on the rise in the world, the level of participation of Iranian women has not proportionately increased, and women constitute only a small portion of the active population in Iran. Among factors affecting women’s participation in the labor market are the decisions concerning retirement and the willingness to work by the m...