The melanocortin system regulates metabolic homeostasis and inflammation. Melanocortin agonists have contradictorily been reported to both increase and decrease metabolic rate and body temperature. We find two distinct physiologic responses occurring at similar doses. Intraperitoneal administration of the nonselective melanocortin agonist MTII causes a melanocortin-4 receptor (Mc4r)-mediated hy...

While opioid dependence has more treatment agents available than other abused drugs, none are curative. They can, however, markedly diminish withdrawal symptoms and craving, and block opioid effects due to lapses. The most effective withdrawal method is substituting and tapering methadone or buprenorphine. alpha-2 Adrenergic agents can ameliorate untreated symptoms or substitute for agonists if...

Introduction: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) may disturb renin-angiotensin system components. In this study, the effects of Mas receptor (A779) and AT2 receptor (PD123319) antagonists were examined in RIR rats. Methods: Total 60 male and female Wistar rats were assigned into 10 groups (n=6 in each group), including sham-operated group, RIR groups treated with the vehicle, A779, PD123319, ...

Administration of salbutamol, a beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist, is associated with several metabolic consequences including disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid, and potassium homeostasis.5 Although the importance of these effects during therapeutic use of the drug is not clear, severe hypokalaemia has been reported after salbutamol poisoning.2 As evidence suggests that the metabolic effects are d...

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a side effect of cancer treatment, affecting up to 40% patients. Nausea are the most dangerous also common effects among patients undergoing chemotherapy. CINV remains one worrisome syndromes associated with therapy can lead dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, metabolic disorders. Risk factors for developing include patient’s gen...

Abstract Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a lethal pediatric brain cancer in dire need for therapeutic breakthroughs. To identify intrinsic addictions and targets DMG, we conducted genome-wide k¬¬¬¬nockout CRISPR screen that identified de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as targetable dependency. Since nucleotides can be synthesized by salvage pathways, identification of the latter dependenc...

The hypocretin (Hcrt), also known as orexin, peptides are essential for arousal stability. Here we discuss background information about the interaction of Hcrt with other neuromodulators, including norepinephrine and acetylcholine probed with optogenetics. We conclude that Hcrt neurons integrate metabolic, circadian and limbic inputs and convey this information to a network of neuromodulators, ...

the lipid accumulation product is a novel, safe and inexpensive index of central lipid over accumulation based on waist circumference and fasting concentration of circulating triglycerides. this study was designed to investigate the ability of lipid accumulation product to predict cardio-metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women. in this cross-sectional study, 264 postmenopausal women by u...