نتایج جستجو برای: ar4
تعداد نتایج: 310 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
[1] A set of Markov models is developed based on a statistical linearization of 5 coupled ocean‐atmosphere general circulation models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4), and is applied to ensemble prediction of the tropical Indo‐ Pacific sea surface temperature variations. By taking advantage of the long data records of IPCC simulations, t...
Fidelity and projected changes in the climate models, used for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), are assessed with regard to the Southern Hemisphere extratropical ocean and sea ice systems. While individual models span different physical parameterizations and resolutions, a major component of intermodel variability results from surface wind dif...
[1] Stratospheric sulfate aerosol particles from strong volcanic eruptions produce significant transient cooling of the troposphere and warming of the lower stratosphere. The radiative impact of volcanic aerosols also produces a response that generally includes an anomalously positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) that is most pronounced in the boreal winter. The main atmospheric thermal...
Purpose This paper aims to present the “Vulnerability Sourcebook” methodology, a standardised framework for assessment of climate vulnerability and risk in context adaptation planning. The Vulnerability Sourcebook has been developed Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) applied more than twenty countries worldwide. Design/methodology/approach It is based on participative...
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