Turkey adopted an export-dependent growth strategy after the 1980 liberalization. In later years, with impact of this strategy, Turkey's export structure and performance became a subject investigation. Thus, when is evaluated, dependence oriented industries on capital goods, intermediate energy remarkable. Therefore, in study, development import-based exports between 1996:1 2018:4 was tested by...

The current study attempts to investigate whether economic liberalization influences employment in Pakistan or not. Despite the traditional analysis, our has employed multiple indicators of (trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, and remittances) checked effect each indicator on level. Time series annual data for period 1980 2018 been used empirical analysis. After checking stationari...

In recent years, a vast literature has appeared on the relationship between fiscal policy and long-run economic growth. With aim to give an overview of discussion establish point departure for future research, this study used time series techniques rigor empirical model investigate link various components Ethiopia’s growth annual data 35 years. It employed autoregressive distributed lag estimat...

This paper aims at estimating the energy demand elasticity in relation to gross domestic product Indonesia based on data from 1995 2018. The sectors examined are industry, trading, transportation, and housing sectors. method of analysis is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). An interesting estimation result here that industry sector negative both short long term. other three show positive el...