This experiment tested the hypothesis that effort attributional feedback concerning past accomplishments promotes percepts of self-efficacy and mathematical achievement. Children who lacked subtraction skills received didactic training in subtraction operations with effort attributional feedback concerning past achievement, with feedback concerning future achievement, or with no feedback. Resul...

One component of a model by Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus, who propose that risk factors for adolescent depression are more common in girls than in boys during childhood, was tested with 85 low-income, urban, African American and Latino kindergarten through fourth grade children who completed inventories of depression, stress, attributional style, gender role, and body image. Endorsing two of three...

In recent studies of semantic representation, two distinct sources of information from which we can learn word meanings have been described. We refer to these as attributional and distributional information sources. Attributional information describes the attributes or features associated with referents of words, and is acquired from our interactions with the world. Distributional information d...

The attributional reformulation of the learned helplessness model of depression proposes that causal attributions about negative outcomes play a causal role in reactive depression. This research tested this hypothesis by studying the causal role of attributions in depression in 180 college students. On two occasions separated by 1 month, students were administered a battery of tests that includ...

Although prevalence rates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been established throughout adolescence, little is known about the progression of NSSI, and consequently, about the risk factors for youth NSSI engagement. This study aimed to describe the overall longitudinal course of NSSI and the latent trajectory classes of NSSI in a population-based sample of adolescents using multi-wave data....

BACKGROUND Social cognition is consistently impaired in people with schizophrenia, separable from general neurocognition, predictive of real-world functioning and amenable to psychosocial treatment. Few studies have empirically examined its underlying factor structure. AIMS This study (1) examines the factor structure of social cognition in both a sample of individuals with schizophrenia-spec...

In this paper we present models of how meaning is represented in the brain/mind, based upon the assumption that children develop meaning representations for words using two main sources of information: information derived from their concrete experience with objects and events in the world (which we refer to as attributional information) and information implicitly derived from exposure to langua...