Zellweger syndrome (cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome) is associated with generalized hypotonia, high forehead with flattened facies, hepatomegaly and talipes equinovarus. This pattern of malformations was first recognized in 1964 by Bowen and Smith. Zellweger syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is associated with multiple biochemical markers of peroxisomal dysfunction. A full ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Developmental changes in hippocampal formations (HFs) have been reported in association with agenesis of the corpus callosum, lissencephaly, and holoprosencephaly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the developmental changes in HFs in patients with a variety of other congenital brain malformations. METHODS MR images of 44 patients with congenital brain malformati...

The actin cytoskeleton regulates many important cellular processes in the brain, including cell division and proliferation, migration, and cytokinesis and differentiation. These developmental processes can be regulated through actin dependent vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. Many of these processes are mediat...

Cerebral ultrasound and colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) were used to diagnose a wide spectrum of anomalies of cell migration (17 patients): presumed lissencephaly (n = 12); schizencephaly of both fused (n = 2) and open lips (n = 2); hemimegalencephaly (n = 1); and subependymal type grey matter heterotopia (n = 12). The patients with grey matter heterotopia had irregular ventricular margins (...

OBJECTIVES The term heterotopia, in pathology, refers to the presence of normal tissues at foreign sites. Gastric heterotopia has been reported anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the presence of gastric heterotopia in the rectum is very rare. METHODS We, here, report a rare case of a localized 2-cm area of cratered mucosa with heaped-up borders in the rectum of a 51-year-old, as...

Cutaneous lung tissue heterotopia is a very rare disorder where mature lung tissues develop in the skin. This is only the second known report of cutaneous lung tissue heterotopia, with the first by Singer et al. in 1998. A newborn infant had a hemangioma-like, freely movable mass connected to the anterior aspect of the sternal manubrium. Pathologic findings showed mature lung tissues with bronc...