ion Non-Verbal The ability to balance at least two of the symmetrical beams, but no more than one of the asymmetrical beams. All beams are placed on the fulcrum at their geometric centre. No explanations are given and no relevant variables are mentioned. This is distinguished from the Implicit level by the inability to balance the asymmetrical beams. (This level corresponds to Level E1 in Karmi...

Some published computational work has suggested that partially coherent beams may be less susceptible to distortions caused by propagation through random media than fully coherent beams. In this paper this suggestion is studied quantitatively by examining the mean squared width of partially coherent beams in such media as a function of the propagation distance. The analysis indicates under what...

Planar laser polarization spectroscopy has recently been used to image the hydroxyl radical in combustion for small intersection angles of pump and probe beams. We report an experimental configuration that allows planar laser polarization imaging for perpendicular intersection of pump and probe beams. We demonstrate what to our knowledge is the first planar laser polarization spectroscopy imagi...

We consider a scheme for coherent imaging that exploits the classical correlation of two beams obtained by splitting incoherent thermal radiation. This case is analyzed in parallel with the configuration based on two entangled beams produced by parametric down-conversion, and a precise formal analogy is pointed out. This analogy opens the possibility of using classical beams from thermal radiat...

PURPOSE Flattening filter free (FFF) beams generated by medical linear accelerators are today clinically used for stereotactical and non-stereotactical radiotherapy treatments. Such beams differ from the standard flattened beams (FF) in the high dose rate and the profile shape peaked on the beam central axis. Definition of new parameters as unflatness and slope for FFF beams has been proposed b...

In this paper, a discontinuity in beams whose intensity is adjusted by the spring stiffness factor is modeled using a torsional spring. Adapting two analyses in strong and weak forms for discontinuous beams, the improved governing differential equations and the modified stiffness matrix are derived respectively. In the strong form, two different solution methods have been presented to make an a...

Background: This study evaluated whether IMRT using fewer beams and segments could reduce delivery time without compromising plan quality in gastric cancer adjuvant radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent D2, R0 surgery were included in this study. IMRT plans for each patient were designed as 7 equal beams with 40 segments, 5 beams with 2...

Lasers that produce 100 kW level diffraction limited power will require beam combining due to fundamental thermal and nonlinear limitations on the power of single aperture lasers. Towards this goal, we present high power, high spectral density beam combining by volume Bragg gratings of five 150 W beams with a spectral separation of 0.25 nm between beams, the narrowest to date for high power. Wi...

A novel method has been developed to fabricate submicron beams with galvanic etch stop for Si in TMAH. The different Au:Si area ratios before and after the release of the beams are used to trigger the galvanic etch stop to fabricate submicron single crystal Si beams in standard Si wafers. Before the beams are released from the substrate, the Au electrodes are connected to the substrate electric...

This paper presents a fatigue assessment model that was developed for corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened using prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The proposed model considers the fatigue properties of the constituent materials as well as the section equilibrium. The model provides a rational approach that can be used to explicitly assess the failure mod...