Long-term measurements of ecological effects of warming are often not statistically significant because of annual variability or signal noise. These are reduced in indicators that filter or reduce the noise around the signal and allow effects of climate warming to emerge. In this way, certain indicators act as medium pass filters integrating the signal over years-to-decades. In the Alaskan Arct...

The great Pacific groups of atolls are such archipelagoes as the Tuamotus, Carolines, Marshalls, Gilberts, the Phoenix-Ellice group, and those scattered clusters and individual islands collectively termed the Pacific Equatorial or Line Islands. The observations forming the basis of this paper were made on visits to all these groups, except the Phoenix-Ellice and Gilberts, as well as to the Aust...

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Author. Data processing errors have resulted in misleading conclusions. The scientific community in King Saud University has serious concerns regarding the results and the article will be res...

there are different methods for controling the flood damages which one of them is flood zoning. in this method, flood zones are determined by simulating river hydraulic behavior and its flood plain for different return periods.in other hand, soil and specially plant coverage are the most effective factor to determine manning roughness coefficient. so it is expected, seasonal plant coverage chan...

Land use may be regarded as one of the most important factors affecting theenvironment with respect to human activities. So far, destroying the rangelands andchanging them into the waste lands and poor rangelands has been proposed as the mostsignificant variations of land use done by human beings. This paper has been conducted toevaluate the variations of vegetation percentage and land uses in ...

When the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite passed through the plasmasphere, a series of lightning whistlers was observed by its analog wideband receiver (WBA). Recently, we developed an intelligent algorithm to detect lightning whistlers from WBA data. In this study, we analyzed two typical events representing the clear dispersion characteristics of lightning whistlers along the trajectory of Akebono....