Urachal cancer (UraC) is a rare tumor entity that usually develops at the basis of the remnant embryologic urachus. Consisting of mostly adenocarcinomas, most patients present with secondary symptoms due to an advanced stage with urinary bladder infiltration. One third of patients are already metastasized at presentation rendering them unsuitable for curative surgical treatment. In order to imp...

B markers are among the most promising tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of alcohol­related problems. A biological marker is generally an abnor­ mal result of a blood test or other labora­ tory analysis, indicating the presence of an abnormal state or condition. This abnormal condition may refer to the presence of or susceptibility to a disease; it also may refer to an abnormal state ...

conclusions in view of the limitations of the above-mentioned modalities, liver biopsy remains the gold standard method for documentation of diagnosis and estimation of disease severity in nafld. context considering the increasing prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance syndrome worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) has become a major health concern. early diagnosis and prop...

Biological markers (measurements made from biological media) are currently of great interest to epidemiologists in the field of environmental health. After placing markers within an historical and conceptual framework, this paper assesses the practical advantages and limitations of biological markers with respect to epidemiological methods and discusses criteria for the evaluation of markers. I...