The conservation of bison (Bison bison) from near extinction to .4,000 animals in Yellowstone National Park has led to conflict regarding overabundance and potential transmission of brucellosis (Brucella abortus) to cattle. We estimated survival and birth rates from 53 radiocollared adult female bison during 1995–2001, and we used calf:adult (C:A) ratios to estimate reproduction with the combin...

In order to estimate responses of growth rate and growth hormone of Clarias gariepinus to stocking density, fish (initial weight 30.71 ± 0.89 g) were stocked in 120-L tanks at densities of 35, 65, 95, and 125 kg/m3 for 60 days. On day 30 and 60, the fish growth rates were measured, pituitary growth hormone (GH) mRNA levels and serum GH concentrations were examined by real-time qPCR and ELISA te...

OBJECTIVE Global achievements in health may be limited by critical shortages of health-care workers. To help guide workforce policy, we estimate the future demand for, need for and supply of physicians, by WHO region, to determine where likely shortages will occur by 2015, the target date of the Millennium Development Goals. METHODS Using World Bank and WHO data on physicians per capita from ...

ostnatal growth failure is extremely common in the very low birth weight and extremely low birth eight infant. Recent data from the National Institute of Child and Human Development (NICHD) eonatal Research Network indicates that 16% of extremely low birth weight infants are small for estational age at birth, but by 36 weeks corrected age, 89% have growth failure. Follow-up at 18 to 2 months co...

Cancer evolution and progression are shaped by Darwinian selection and cell-to-cell interactions. Evolutionary game theory incorporates both of these principles, and has been recently as a framework to describe tumor cell population dynamics. A cornerstone of evolutionary dynamics is the replicator equation, which describes changes in the relative abundance of different cell types, and is able ...

East Asians, especially South Koreans, appear to be preoccupied with their offspring's education—most children spend time in expensive private institutes and cram schools the evenings on weekends. At same time, Korea currently has lowest total fertility rate world. In this paper, we propose a theory status externalities endogenous that connects these two facts. Using quantitative heterogeneous-...