Introduction. Explosive explosive injuries account for more than 50% of all received in military battles, and the proportion casualties among civilian population is also increasing [1]. However, only limited research has been conducted on pathophysiology blast-induced brain injury, effect changes cerebral blood flow (CBF) or vascular reactivity injury not investigated [2]. Although secondary hy...

BACKGROUND Blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a significant cause of injury in the military operations of Iraq and Afghanistan, affecting as many as 10-20% of returning veterans. However, how blast waves affect the brain is poorly understood. To understand their effects, we analyzed the brains of rats exposed to single or multiple (three) 74.5 kPa blast exposures, conditions th...

It is recognized that explosive blast Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) may be a significant risk factor for seizure and consequently Post-Traumatic Epilepsy (PTE). This has importance clinically as the manifestation of seizures following a blast exposure may be the only objective clinical sign that a victim may have suffered cellular and structural brain injury. The mechanisms by which explosive bl...

Improved protective measures and medical care has increased the survivability from battlefield injuries. In an attempt to reduce the debilitating consequences of blast injury, understanding and mitigating the effects of explosion on the extremities is key. In this study, forensic biomechanical analyses have been applied to determine mechanisms of injury after the traumatic event. The aims of th...

Shock tubes simulate blast waves to study their effects in air under laboratory conditions; however, few experimental models exist for simulating underwater blast waves that are needed for facilitating experiments in underwater blast transmission, determining injury thresholds in marine animals, validating numerical models, and exploring mitigation strategies for explosive well removals. This m...

Introduction The physical damage inflicted by blast waves is called primary blast injury, and lungs are vulnerable to blast waves [1]. Blast lung injuries (BLI) can be extremely critical during the super-acute phase, and hypotension is supposed to be the main cause of death (1), but its etiology has not been elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that hypotension is mediated by the absenc...

Blast waves generated by improvised explosive devices can cause mild, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in soldiers and civilians. To understand the interactions of blast waves on the head and brain and to identify the mechanisms of injury, compression-driven air shock tubes are extensively used in laboratory settings to simulate the field conditions. The overall goal of this effort is ...

Blast related traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a major cause of injury in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. A striking feature of the mild TBI (mTBI) cases has been the prominent association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, because of the overlapping symptoms, distinction between the two disorders has been difficult. We studied a rat model of mTBI in which adult male ra...

OBJECTIVE Many troops deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan have sustained blast-related, closed-head injuries from being within non-lethal distance of detonated explosive devices. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms associated with blast exposure that give rise to traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study attempts to identify the precise conditions of focused stress wave energy within the...

Primary blast injury affects the gas-containing structures of the body. Damage to the lungs with resultant respiratory insufficiency and arterial embolization of air from alveolar pulmonary venous fistulae is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality following high-level blast exposure. In an effort to generate a widely applicable damage-risk criterion for thoracic injury from blast we a...