The purpose of the study was to validate two measures of muscle dysmorphia (MD) into the Italian language. The sample included three participant groups: (1) competing bodybuilders, (2) non-competing bodybuilders, and (3) non-bodybuilding controls. In general the Italian versions of the scales showed psychometric utility that is consistent with the original instruments. The severity of MD was gr...

BACKGROUND Journal clubs are an essential tool in promoting clinical evidence-based medical education to all medical and allied health professionals. Twitter represents a public, microblogging forum that can facilitate traditional journal club requirements, while also reaching a global audience, and participation for discussion with study authors and colleagues. OBJECTIVE The aim of the curre...

This article explores customers' understandings of their visits to heterosexual strip clubs and the ways in which those visits become meaningful to them in relation to cultural discourses around masculinity, sexuality, leisure, and consumption, as well as in relation to their everyday lives and relationships. Not every man finds strip clubs pleasurable, yet understanding why some men frequent t...

Samenvatting In het Nederlandse fitness- en sportschoolmilieu wint een nieuwe groep dopingmiddelen snel aan populariteit. jargon van de sporters in dit circuit heten ze SARMs, afkorting voor Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators. SARMs zijn experimentele middelen die spiergroei vetverlies moeten bewerkstelligen, nog ontwikkelingsfase zijn, niet goedgekeurd gebruik door artsen, maar al wel vrij...

the appearance of body, which is considered as people’s physical capital, is influenced by cultural position of individuals. people have different attitude towards their body and appearance depending on their cultural capital. in addition, in today’s world visible characteristics and features of individuals are ever more important than they used to be in the past. thus, as appropriate and desir...

The aim of the current study was (i) to identify how important was a good season start in relation to elite handball teams' performance, and (ii) to examine if this impact was related to the clubs' financial budget. The match performances and annual budgets of all teams were collected from the Spanish Professional Handball League during ten seasons. The dependent variable was the difference bet...

INTRODUCTION Sports clubs form a potential setting for health promotion, but the research is limited. The aim of the Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) study was to elucidate the current health promotion activities of youth sports clubs and coaches, and to investigate the health behaviours and health status of youth participating in sports clubs compared to non-participants. METHODS AND ANAL...

1.1 Claims about specific situations (1) Claire has the three of clubs. Barwise & Etchemendy (1987:122), cited by Kratzer (2009): We might imagine, for example, that there are two card games going on, one across town from the other: Max is playing cards with Emily and Sophie, and Claire is playing cards with Dana. Suppose someone watching the former game mistakes Emily for Claire, and claims th...

This paper defines a general equilibrium model with exchange and club formation. Agents trade multiple private goods widely in the market, can belong to several clubs, and care about the characteristics of the other members of their clubs. The space of agents is a continuum, but clubs are finite. It is shown that (i) competitive equilibria exist, and (ii) the core coincides with the set of equi...