In this study, we show a correlation between synthesis of aberrant proteins and their oxidative modification. The level of aberrant proteins was elevated in Escherichia coli cultures by decreasing transcriptional or translational fidelity using specific mutations or drugs. Protein carbonylation, an oxidative modification, increased in parallel to the induction of the heat shock chaperone GroEL....

Previous work from our laboratory implicated protein carbonylation in the pathophysiology of both MS (multiple sclerosis) and its animal model EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). Subsequent in vitro studies revealed that the accumulation of protein carbonyls, triggered by glutathione deficiency or proteasome inhibition, leads to protein aggregation and neuronal cell death. These fi...

This study investigated the effect of amino carbonylation (Maillard reaction) on the function of the epidermal basement membrane (BM) by analyzing epidermal cell proliferation and keratinization and stratum corneum barrier function using a three-dimensional human epidermal BM model treated with glyceraldehyde. Intracellular ATP levels were lower in cells cultured on amino-carbonylated epidermal...

UVB oxidizes proteins through the generation of reactive oxygen species. One consequence of UVB irradiation is carbonylation, the irreversible formation of a carbonyl group on proline, lysine, arginine or threonine residues. In this study, redox proteomics was performed to identify carbonylated proteins in the UVB resistant marine bacterium Photobacterium angustum. Mass-spectrometry was perform...

RATIONALE Cyclosporin A (CsA) is known to preserve cardiac contractile function during endotoxemia, but the mechanism is unclear. Increased nitric oxide (NO) production and altered mitochondrial function are implicated as mechanisms contributing to sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, and CsA has the capacity to reduce NO production and inhibit mitochondrial dysfunction relating to the mitochond...

Obesity-linked insulin resistance greatly increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, together known as the metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome. How obesity promotes insulin resistance remains incompletely understood. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) stress, an...

A desymmetrization protocol has been used to develop a palladium catalyzed enantioselective carbonylation process. Achiral cyclic bis-alkenyltriflates are converted to their corresponding monoester derivatives with selectivities of up to 96% ee.

A convenient method has been developed, which allows for the direct transformation of aryl iodides into the corresponding carboxylic acid anhydrides via Pd-catalyzed carbonylation under atmospheric CO pressure.