seed storage proteins are synthesized as sources of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur for the next generation of plants. reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers for signal transduction; however, molecular targets of oxidant signaling have not been defined. here, many researchers showes that ligand–receptor mediated signaling promotes reactive oxygen species– dependent protein carbonylation...

In the biotechnology industry, oxidative carbonylation as a post-translational modification of protein pharmaceuticals has not been studied in detail. Using Quality by Design (QbD) principles, understanding the impact of oxidative carbonylation on product quality of protein pharmaceuticals, particularly from a site-specific perspective, is critical. However, comprehensive identification of carb...

Cyclization-carbonylation of α,β-alkynic hydrazones and (o-alkynylphenyl) (methoxymethyl) sulfides with Pd(tfa)2 in DMSO/MeOH afforded methyl pyrazole-4-carboxylates and benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylates, respectively, in good yields. A simple change of the ligand (solvent) allowed controlled, effective switching between cyclization-carbonylation-cyclization-coupling (CCC-coupling) reactions and...

Mechanisms of double carbonylation reactions catalyzed by palladium complexs to give a-keto amides and a-keto esters, stoichiometric double carbonylation of ally1 carbonates, and cyclization carbonylation . of 3-butenoic acid to give cyclic anhydrides are discussed as combination of elementary processes of organometallic reactions.

ROS are produced in dendritic cells (DCs) during antigen presentation in contact hypersensitivity (CHS). As a result, ROS cause a number of nonenzymatic protein modifications, including carbonylation, which is the most widely used marker of oxidative stress. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) is a well-characterized contact allergen that results in the formation of ROS. However, protein...

UNLABELLED Urea and NaCl are elevated in the renal inner medulla. We now find that a high concentration of urea or NaCl increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse renal inner medullary (mIMCD3) cells in culture. Previously, high NaCl, but not high urea, was found to cause DNA double-strand breaks. We now tested whether high urea or NaCl causes oxidative damage to DNA or cellular proteins....

BACKGROUND Carbonylation is an irreversible oxidative modification of proteins that has been linked to various conditions of oxidative stress, aging, physiological disorders, and disease. Increased oxidative stress is thus also considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD). In addition, it has recently become evident that...

BACKGROUND Carbonyl derivatives are mainly formed by direct metal-catalysed oxidation (MCO) attacks on the amino-acid side chains of proline, arginine, lysine and threonine residues. For reasons unknown, only some proteins are prone to carbonylation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS we used mass spectrometry analysis to identify carbonylated sites in: BSA that had undergone in vitro MCO, and 23...

Seed storage proteins are synthesized as sources of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur for the next generation of plants. Reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers for signal transduction; however, molecular targets of oxidant signaling have not been defined. Here, many researchers showes that ligand–receptor mediated signaling promotes reactive oxygen species– dependent protein carbonylation...

Seed storage proteins are synthesized as sources of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur for the next generation of plants. Reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers for signal transduction; however, molecular targets of oxidant signaling have not been defined. Here, many researchers showes that ligand–receptor mediated signaling promotes reactive oxygen species– dependent protein carbonylation...