development of financial markets as an important factor in the economic growth process always has been of interest to economists. the purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between regional financial development and economic growth. this study uses provincial annual data over the period 2000-2011 by using panel data technique. the panel co integration techniques have been used to te...

the impact of price changes (at a level of market) on the other market levels (transfer of prices) will affect welfare of producers, marketing agents as well as consumers. in this study, asymmetric tea market is investigated through an application of johansen co-integration analysis and error correction model (ecm model) to time series of 1976-2009. co integration method used in the import mark...

It has been observed in previous work that it is desirable to avoid causal violations in any execution or transformation of a parallel program. In this paper, we formalize the notion of causality in memory consistency models and code transformations. For memory models, we introduce a framework of causality graph that can be used to analyze if a particular memory model violates causality. We sho...

This paper focuses on the causality relation between US and the several Asia-pacific markets (Japan, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Korea, and Indonesia). We check the causality of the co-movement among the markets across Pacific by using Granger-Causality test, VAR, and event studying on unexpected high volatile period. Our tests show that U.S. and Japan have strong influence to other As...

This paper analyzes the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis to test the causality relationship between economic activity, trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions in Mexico (1971-2011). The results achieved in this research show that there are three long-run relationships between production, trade openness, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The EKC hypothesis was not ...

this world; though all the discussions are focused on the causal relationships in allthe scientific arguments. One of the methods to study the designed causal relationshipsobjectively is Granger causality test. This paper aims to investigate the longtermcausal relationship between the stock price and dividends. The statisticalpopulation includes 180 active companies in Stock Exchange of Tehran ...

The Java Memory Model (JMM) formalizes the behavior of shared memory accesses in a multithreaded Java program. Dependencies between memory accesses are acyclic, as defined by the JMM causality requirements. We study the problem of post-mortem verification of these requirements and prove that the task is NP-complete. We then argue that in some cases the task may be simplified by tracing the actu...

Philosophers have long argued that causality cannot be directly observed but requires a conscious inference (Hume, 1967). Albert Michotte however developed numerous visual phenomena in which people seemed to perceive causality akin to primary visual properties like colour or motion (Michotte, 1946). Michotte claimed that the perception of causality did not require a conscious, deliberate infere...

This study re-examines the long run relationship between the budget and current account deficits in an oil-dependent open economy like Nigeria using a multivariate Granger causality test within the VECM framework. This result confirmed the existence of a long run relationship between the budget and current account deficit in Nigeria, thus supporting the Mudell-Fleming theory and refuting the Ri...