We study the current discrepancy between the model-predicted and measured concentrations of Fe and Fe in ionized nebulae. We calculate a set of photoionization models, updated with the atomic data relevant to the problem, and compare their results with those derived for the available nebulae where both [Fe III] and [Fe IV] lines have been measured. Our new model results are closer to the measur...

Recent work on causal learning has investigated the possible role of generic priors in guiding human judgments of causal strength. One proposal has been that people have a preference for causes that are sparse and strong—i.e., few in number and individually strong (Lu et al., 2008). Sparse-and-strong priors predict that competition can be observed between candidate causes of the same polarity (...

In the present era, global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool improving crop production and yield. The application of can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress induced by many microbes in crops causes disease high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% lost due to diseases caused various pests pathogens. Current or biotic management mainly relies...

the adequacy of the swat model in the estimation of runoff, sediment yield and nitrate loss in the gorganrood watershed was tested, using the existing spatial database as the primary data. the model was then executed for a 31-years’ time period. in combination with the swat model, the sequential uncertainty fitting program (swat-cup and sufi-2) was added used to calibrate and validate a hydrolo...

in this study, ice-glazing process of frozen shrimp by chitosan was applied to protect the frozen shrimp from undesirable chemical and physical changes. the effects of 2% chitosan solution glazing on quality of whole, raw and cooked (without head, tail and shell) shrimps stored at -18±2ºc for 6 months were investigated and compared with water glazing, sodium metabisulfite treatment control. gla...

in order to evaluate the competitive ability (ca) of canola cultivars against wild mustard, two experiments were conducted at the gorgan institute in iran during the 2005-2007 cropping seasons. the experimental factors were canola cultivars (1st year: zarfam, option500, hayola330, hayola401, talayh, rgs003 and sarigol; 2nd year: zarfam, hayola330, rgs003 and option500) and weed density (1st yea...

For nearly a century, aluminum salts have been the most widely used vaccine adjuvant formulation, and have thus established a history of safety and efficacy. Nevertheless, for extremely challenging disease targets such as tuberculosis or HIV, the adjuvant activity of aluminum salts may not be potent enough to achieve protective efficacy. Adsorption of TLR ligands to aluminum salts facilitates e...

Elderly patients with unintentional weight loss are at higher risk for infection, depression and death. The leading causes of involuntary weight loss are depression (especially in residents of long-term care facilities), cancer (lung and gastrointestinal malignancies), cardiac disorders and benign gastrointestinal diseases. Medications that may cause nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, dysgeusia an...