Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a widespread intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) method, however, VMAT requires adaptation of the radiation treatment planning system (RTPS) and linear accelerator (linac); these upgrades are quite expensive. The Smart Arc of Pinnacle(3) (Philips), which is the software used in VMAT calculations, can select constant dose rate (CDR) mode. This ...

international knowledge base and network e ngage

Clock and data recovery (CDR) architectures used in highspeed wire-linked communication receivers are often shown as PLL or DLL based topologies. However, there are many other types of CDR architectures such as phase-interpolator, oversampling and injection locked based topologies. The best choice for the CDR topology will depend on the application and the specification requirements. This paper...

Managers and scholars require an appropriate conceptualization, as well reliable valid measures of corporate digital responsibility (CDR), to better understand tackle issues involving CDR. Therefore, by combining insights from extant research on in the realm, this article proposes distinguish CDR into digitized digitalized responsibility. Specifically, includes unbiased data acquisition, protec...

PURPOSE Chemokines may play vital roles in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The primary members of chemokine decoy receptors (CDR), DARC and D6, are expressed in breast tumors and lymphatic/hematogenous vessels. CDRs sequestrate the pro-malignant chemokines. We hypothesized that breast cancer patients carrying different levels of CDR expression in tumor and/or in host might have differ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether short-term annual declines of 5-10% in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) can be sustained over the long term by maintaining high case detection rates (CDRs). METHODS We constructed a compartmental difference-equation model of a TB epidemic in a hypothetical population of constant size with a treatment success rate of 85%. The impact of CDR on TB incidence was...

BACKGROUND An initial assessment of the National Tobacco Cessation Collaborative's (NTCC) 2005-2007 Consumer Demand Roundtable (CDR) was conducted in 2008 to assess the results and products of CDR, and to offer recommendations to guide ongoing NTCC efforts to expand the demand, reach, and use of effective tobacco-cessation treatments. METHODS The evaluation was a small, retrospective, descrip...