Chemokine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Receptors [438, 437, 32]) comprise a large subfamily of 7TM proteins that bind one or more chemokines, family small cytokines typically possessing chemotactic activity for leukocytes. Additional hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic roles have been identified many chemokines in areas embryonic development, immune cell pr...

Restraint-induced stress (RS) increases histamine concentration in the brain. There is no previous report regarding the role of histamine receptors in immunomodulatory effect of RS. In the present study the role of brain histamine receptors on reduction of humoral and cellular immune function induced by RS was evaluated. For this purpose male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were immunized with sheep re...

background: killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) are expressed on nk cells and a subset of t cells. the variable kir receptors along with their ligands, hla class i, influence risk for autoimmune and malignant diseases. objective: to investigate the kir gene profiles in relation to susceptibility to graves’ disease in patients with ophthalmopathy. methods: kir genes profiles were ana...

B-cell receptors (BCRs) are a crucial player in the development and activation of B cells, their mature forms secreted as antibodies, which execute functions such neutralization invading pathogens. All current analytical approaches for BCRs solely investigate BCR sequences ignore correlations with transcriptomics yielding conclusions unknown functional relevance regarding roles could generate b...

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), adrenergic and cholinergic, exert a multitude effects on human myocardium thanks to activation distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed plasma membranes cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, coronary vascular endothelial cells. Norepinephrine (NE)/epinephrine (Epi) acetylcholine (ACh) are released from ANS terminals mediate biologic...

Endocannabinoid (ECB) system plays a vital role in responses to stress. Moreover, ECB and its receptors cause anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects by modulating neuronal, glial and endothelial cell functions. A number of studies have demonstrated ECB system notably defects in neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases like epilepsy, TBI, Alzheimer’s disease and...

Introduction: In this study, the role of A1 adenosine receptors in improving the effect of Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation (LFS) on seizure-induced hyperexcitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons was investigated. Methods: A semi-rapid hippocampal kindling model was used to induce seizures in male Wistar rats. Examination of the electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neur...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) improve cross-presentation of linked tumor antigens, thus they can be exploited in therapeutic vaccine design. Herein, silico analyses different constructs were performed based on human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E7 protein to Homo sapiens/Mus musculus Hsp27 or Hsp70 multiepitope and whole sequence forms. Then, computational comparison between orientations Hsp/E7 was car...

Abstract NMR spectroscopy has matured into a powerful tool to characterize interactions between biological molecules at atomic resolution, most importantly even under near native (physiological) conditions. The field of in‐cell aims study proteins and nucleic acids inside living cells. However, cells interrogate their environment are continuously modulated by external stimuli. Cell signaling pr...