Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus causing high mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The collective data from the Atlantic salmon-ISAV interactions, performed "in vitro" using various salmon cell lines and "in vivo" fish infected with different ISAV isolates, have shown a strong regulation of immune related transcripts during the infection. Despite this st...

Mitochondria are both the main producers and targets of ROS (reactive oxygen species). Among the battery of antioxidants that protect mitochondria from ROS, GSH is thought to be essential for the organelle antioxidant function. However, mitochondria cannot synthesize GSH de novo, thus depending on an efficient transport from the cytosol to maintain their redox status. In the present article, we...

Maintenance of the cellular redox balance has vital importance for correcting organism functioning. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) are among the key members of the cellular antioxidant defence system. To work properly, methionine sulfoxide reductases need to be reduced by their biological partner, thioredoxin (Trx). This process, according to the available kinetic data, represents the s...

we aimed to study the mntnhex-2-pyp effect on some markers of lung antioxidant defence system in mice asthma model.the study was carried out on 28 c57b1/6 mice divided into four treatment groups: group 1 - controls; group 2 - injected and inhaled with ovalbumin; group 3 - treated with mntnhex-2-pyp and inhaled with phosphate buffered saline; group 4 - injected with ovalbumin and mntnhex-2-pyp b...

In diabetes, the endogenous defence systems are overwhelmed, causing various types of stress in tissues. In this study, newly diagnosed or diet-treated type 2 diabetics (T2D) (n = 10) were compared with subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 8). In both groups, at resting conditions, blood samples were drawn for assessing metabolic indices and skeletal muscle samples (m. vastus lat...

Retinoids are synthetic and natural analogues of vitamin A that have various effects on cellular differentiation, cellular proliferation, immune system, and embryonic development. The present study reviews the history of systemic retinoids in medicine, the structure of syn

Objective(s): The use of antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) to restore normal splicing by blocking the recognition of aberrant splice sites by the spliceosome represents an innovative means of potentially controlling certain inherited disorders affected by aberrant splicing. Selection of the appropriate target site is essential in the success of an AO therapy. In this study, in search for a splic...

The intestinal epithelium is a monolayer of polarized columnar cells that act as border between the host and its environment are first line defence against luminal microbes. In addition to providing physical barrier, possesses multitude active mechanisms fight invading pathogens regulate composition spatial distribution commensals. different epithelial cell types have unique functions in this c...

The ethical or responsible use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is central to numerous civilian AI governance frameworks and literature. Not so in defence: only a handful governments have engaged with questions arising from the development for defence. This paper fills critical gap ethics literature by providing evidence on perception within national defence institution. Our qualitative case stu...

Cellular manufacturing system (CMS) is highly important in modern manufacturing methods. Given the ever increasing market competition in terms of time and cost of manufacturing, we need models to decrease the cost and time of manufacturing. In this study, CMS is considered in condition of dynamic demand in each period. The model is developed for facing dynamic demand that increases the cost of ...