background: smoking has physical, psychological, and social impacts on women’s health and subsequently the community’s health. therefore, it is important to have an estimation of smoking among iranian women. since comprehensive data are not available in this respect, the authors performed a systematic review and metaanalyzed all high-quality studies in this field.   methods: all available elect...

Abstract. In this paper, a production inventory model is developed for the business enterprise which consists of three wings. The first wing is for manufacturing new items, the second wing is for collecting the returned items, while third wing is for remanufacturing the returned item. In this model we consider the fact that the storage item is deteriorated during storage periods and salvage val...

In this paper, we have examined the effect of climate variables on the yield average and variability of major grain crops (rice, maize, and wheat) in Iran from 1983 to 2014. For this purpose, we made use of the Just and Pope Production Function crop yields panel data. The results revealed that the influences of climate variables were different in the crops. The time trend positively influenced ...

Planktonic copepods are a key group in the marine pelagic ecosystem, linking primary production with upper trophic levels. Their abundance and population dynamics are constrained by the life history tradeoffs associated with resource availability, reproduction and predation pressure. The tradeoffs associated with the ageing process and its underlying biological mechanisms are, however, poorly k...

In the fundamental production inventory model, in order to solve the economic production quantity (EPQ) we always fix both the demand quantity and the production quantity per day. But, in the real situation, both of them probably will have little disturbances every day. Therefore, we should fuzzify both of them to solve the economic production quantity (q*) per cycle. Using α-cut for defuzzific...