We analyse the North Atlantic circulation by combining data from ARGO profiling buoys and satellite altimetry measurements into an inverse finite-element ocean circulation model. The model solution is consistent with ocean dynamics and approximate conservation of temperature and salinity. The ocean circulation is analysed separately for the years 2005 and 2006. Temperature and salinity fields f...

I nflation forecast is one of the tools in targeting inflation by the central bank. The most important problem of previous models to forecast the inflation is that they could not provide a correct prediction over time. However, the central bank policymakers shall seek to create economic stability by ignoring the short-term and temporary changes in price and regarding steady inflation...

Climate changes caused by global warming has presented challenges to human society. Studying the Changes of climate variables in the future decades by using output data’s of Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models (AOGCM) is a way of perusing climate fluctuation in a region. In this study, the focus is on the AOGCM proceeds in simulating of variable temperature in Ahwaz and Abadan stations. ...

The quality of global sea level pressure patterns has been assessed for simulations by 23 coupled climate models. Most models showed high pattern correlations. With respect to the explained spatial variance, many models showed serious large-scale deficiencies, especially at midlatitudes. Five models performed well at all latitudes and for each month of the year. Three models had a reasonable sk...

The capacity of four eddy-resolving ocean circulation models—HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model), MRI.COM (Meteorological Research Institute Community OFES (Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator), and NEMO (Nucleus European Modeling Ocean)—to simulate long-term mean hydrographic conditions patterns in Japan Sea is investigated this study. assessment study includes evaluation...

The Eastern North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) is a water mass of low potential vorticity (PV) and appears as a weak pycnostad or thermostad. Distinct from other subtropical mode waters, it forms in the absence of a deep winter mixed layer. The formation mechanism of this ESTMW is investigated using an ocean general circulation model that is forced by monthly climatological temperatur...

Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are important tools for climatological research. These models approximate the solution to the governing equations to predict horizontal velocity components, temperature, salinity, and other chosen parameters. The GFDL OGCM, or Modular Ocean Model (MOM), is an example of such a code. This code was originally developed at the Geophysical Fluids Dynamics La...

A method to initialize an ensemble, introduced by Evensen (Physica, D 77:108–129, 1994a; J Geophys Res 99(C5):10143–10162, 1994b; Ocean Dynamics 53:343–367, 2003), was applied to the Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) for the Pacific Ocean. Taking advantage of the hybrid coordinates, an initial ensemble is created by first perturbing the layer interface...

Most of the Southern Ocean (SO) is marginally stably stratified and thus prone to enhanced convection and possibly bottom-water formation whenever the upper ocean is cooled or made more saline by ice formation. Sea ice modifies the heat and freshwater fluxes, which in turn constitute a critical surface condition in this sensitive region of intense vertical exchange. The authors investigate the ...