Most primates are intensely social and spend a large amount of time servicing social relationships. In this study, we use social network analysis to examine the relationship between primate group size, total brain size, neocortex ratio and several social network metrics concerned with network cohesion. Using female grooming networks from a number of Old World monkey species, we found that neoco...

The carboxylic ester hydrolases (CEHs) are enzymes that hydrolyze an ester bond to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. They are one of the enzyme groups that are most explored industrially for their applications in the food, flavor, pharmaceutical, organic synthesis, and detergent industries. We classified CEHs into families and clans according to their amino acid sequences (primary structur...

Different social groups have different relationship that are mostly characterized by prejudice and conflicts. Intergroup conflict usually attributed to negative behaviors between mainly underlies mistrust, hostility, aggression, discrimination. However, this study attempts determine how one’s intergroup attitudes may affect their intention behave other group members; specifically, whether the l...

The Yule model and the coalescent model are two neutral stochastic models for generating trees in phylogenetics and population genetics, respectively. Although these models are quite different, they lead to identical distributions concerning the probability that pre-specified groups of taxa form monophyletic groups (clades) in the tree. We extend earlier work to derive exact formulae for the pr...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t In this paper, a genetic algorithm with a hybrid select mechanism is proposed to speed up the fractal encoder. First, all of the image blocks including domain blocks and range blocks are classified into three classes: smooth; horizontal/vertical edge; and diagonal/sub-diagonal edge, according to their discrete cosine transformation (DCT) coefficients. Then,...