The Euphorbiaceae family is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom. It comprises 263 genera and about 7300 species of almost cosmopolitan distribution. Euphorbia, the largest genus of Euphorbiaceae, with about 1600 species is characterized by the presence of milky latex. This genus has been the subject of numerous chemical studies. E. altotibetica is a perennial herb mainly growing in...

In aerobic respiration, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is pivotal to the complete oxidation of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids to carbon dioxide and water. Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of human malaria, lacks a conventional TCA cycle and depends exclusively on glycolysis for ATP production. However, all the constituent enzymes of the TCA cycle are annotated in the genome of...

It is widely agreed that rare disease patient registries should be international and follow the guiding principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) for humans and computers. Furthermore, the procedures to collect and exchange data should be harmonised. Since 2014, the Bring Your Own Data (BYOD) annual workshop has been organised by and held at the National Centre for Rare...

We report a wide nematic range and low absorption loss chlorinated liquid crystal mixture, designated as IR-M2, for mid-wave infrared applications. IR-M2 is quite transparent in the 3.8-5.0 μm window while keeping a high birefringence (Δn~0.194) in the infrared region and a modest dielectric anisotropy. For long-wave infrared applications, we propose another high Δn chlorinated cyanoterphenyl c...

Introduction Somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1 or 2) are associated with elevated levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which may serve as a clinical biomarker for disease stratification and prognosis [1, 2]. However, the effects of IDH mutation or 2HG on cellular metabolism have not yet been elucidated [3]. Ex vivo and in vivo NMR spectroscopic methods using the stable C-label...

Thong”) is a small to medium-sized tree found in Central and Southern part of Thailand. The latex is used as a dye and folk medicine for potent purgative and infected wounds. Previous phytochemical investigation on the latex of G. hanburyi led to the identification of eleven new and four known caged-xanthones. Caged-polyprenylated xanthones have been isolated from several Garcinia species, e.g....

tinues to foster immense interest in their design and synthesis. DHPs are produced primarily from sugar in vitro. Predictably, the formation of DHPs in vitro also occurs in vivo under non-enzymatic or enzymatic conditions. A number of pyrazine derivatives which are readily created from the DHP ring structure via oxidation have been detected in human urine and foods. Thus, it is thought that DHP...

land of China, and the rhizomes and roots are a source of Chinese crude drug “Niu-Wei-Cai”, which has been used for treatment of bronchitis, lumbago of renal asthenia, traumatic injury, asthenia edema, and bronchial dilation agents. It is a commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine and it has been recorded in an endemic Pharmacopoeia in China. Until now, only one literature of chemical inve...