There have been numerous efforts to formulate insulin into an oral dosage form. The major problems involved with the oral administration of insulin are acidic and enzymatic decomposition by the gastric medium, and poor absorption in the small intestine due to its macromolecular structure. This study attempted to test the enhancing ability of two absorption enhancers, sodium glycocholate (Na-G...

Human creativity is difficult to define and measure, but it is undoubtedly an important cognitive process. This makes it an interesting challenge for modern neuroscientific exploration - especially given the current interest in developing cognitive enhancers for commercial and clinical uses. There are similarities between the typical traits of creative people and the subjective psychological ch...

In the area of genometry-the nascent field of science and technology that proposes to apply enhanced understanding of the human genetic code to reshaping our individual and collective destinies-research and development directed toward improving the function of the human brain has not advanced at the same rate as studies focused on physical enhancement. This article describes developments in the...

Enhancers provide critical information directing cell-type-specific transcriptional programs, regulated by binding of signal-dependent transcription factors and their associated cofactors. Here, we report that the most strongly activated estrogen (E2)-responsive enhancers are characterized by trans-recruitment and in situ assembly of a large 1-2 MDa complex of diverse DNA-binding transcription ...

INTRODUCTION Survivors from sepsis have presented with long-term cognitive impairment, including alterations in memory, attention, concentration, and global loss of cognitive function. Thus, we evaluated the effects of memory enhancers in sepsis-surviving rats. METHODS The rats underwent cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) (sepsis group) with 'basic support' (saline at 50 mL/kg immediately a...

Morphological innovations such as the mammalian neocortex may involve the evolution of novel regulatory sequences. However, de novo birth of regulatory elements active during morphogenesis has not been extensively studied in mammals. Here, we use H3K27ac-defined regulatory elements active during human and mouse corticogenesis to identify enhancers that were likely active in the ancient mammalia...

The use of prescription or recreational drugs for cognitive enhancement (CE) is prevalent among students. However, the prevalence of CE among Swiss school students is unknown. We therefore performed a cross-sectional online survey including ≥ 16-year-old students from bridge-year schools (10th grade), vocational schools, and upper secondary schools (10th-12th grade) in the Canton of Zurich to i...

there have been numerous efforts to formulate insulin into an oral dosage form. the major problems involved with the oral administration of insulin are acidic and enzymatic decomposition by the gastric medium, and poor absorption in the small intestine due to its macromolecular structure. this study attempted to test the enhancing ability of two absorption enhancers, sodium glycocholate (na-gc)...