The researchers aim was to find out the potential effects of some maternal factors such as age, educational level, occupation as well as children’s birth order on the communicative performance of preschoolers in Iran. This study was conducted with 31 preschoolers selected from Bahar Language Institute in Shiraz, Iran. The required data about mothers and children were gathered through a question...

A common assumption is that communicative competence simply fl ows from some possibly innate by-product of vocal development. Understanding the dimensions of competence, or what in this chapter is called “communicative pragmatics,” can be summed up as answering the “wh” questions, the “who,” “what,” “where,” “when,” and “why” of vocal performance. This chapter shows that songbirds and infants h...

The central thesis of Spencer et al.’s comment (1) is that infants’ perseverative search bias in the A-not-B error task cannot be ascribed to an interpretive bias induced by communicative cues as we suggested (2). Instead, they propose that, if we assume that the social-communicative cues that are usually embedded in the task act as distracting stimuli that reduce the salience of the hiding loc...

objectives: this descriptive study was conducted to determine the communicative abstract problem between elders with alzheimer disease and there caregivers. methods & materials: 100 main caregivers were selected by census. data was obtained by a questionnaire with a good validity and reliability. its reliability was measured by internal consistency (de=0.96) and test-retest (d=0.96) methods. da...

This study explores the potential of utilising certain prosodic qualities of function-specific vocal expressions in order to design effective non-speech user interface sounds. In an empirical setting, utterances with four context-situated communicative functions were produced by 20 participants. Time series of fundamental frequency (F0) and intensity were extracted from the utterances and analy...

The present research aims to investigate the distinction between simple and complex communicative acts in the context of extralinguistic communication. We propose that, within the same pragmatic phenomena studied which are standard communicative acts, deceit and irony a simple communicative act is easier to comprehend than a complex one. Our proposal is based on the different complexity of infe...

Resilience thinkers share an interest in collaborative deliberation with communicative planners, who aim to accommodate different forms of knowledge and styles of reasoning to promote social learning and yield creative and equitable agreements. Members of both fields attended a symposium at Virginia Tech in late 2008, where communicative planners considered how social–ecological resilience info...

This paper discusses the problem of generating communicatively adequate responses in information seeking dialogues and advocates the Constructive Dialogue Management (CDM) approach, which is an advance on previous research in that communicative principles are explicitly taken into consideration. Communicative principles are general inference rules which describe rational, cooperative action in ...

\Ve view communication as action aimed at increasing the efficiency of interaction among multiple agents. Thus, we postulate that a speaker design a speech act so as to maximally increase the benefit it obtains as the result of the interaction. This paper presents a theoretical framework which can be used by this kind of the design process. Our framework consists of a representation of an epist...

Predictive processes are crucial not only for interpreting the actions of individual agents, but also to predict how, in the context of a social interaction between two agents, the actions of one agent relate to the actions of a second agent. In the present study we investigated whether, in the context of a communicative interaction between two agents, observers can use the actions of one agent...