Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) exhibit low levels of adaptive behaviors (i.e., conceptual, social, practical skills). In typical development such competences are learned in part from peers at school. Less is known about influence classmates students ID. We investigated classroom-level peer effects 1125 ID (69% boys), mean age 11.30 years (SD = 3.75), who attended s...

The professional Electronic Leadership Portfolio (ELP) is an effective method for the promotion of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the educational arena, both as a model for aspiring leaders and as a model for the necessary development of skills in teachers. Furthermore, the ELP provides a framework for future measurement of leadership skills and development as well as providi...

We have learned much in the past 10 years about how to help patients to acquire diabetes-related knowledge and skills and how to use strategies to help patients change behaviors. However, the application of knowledge and techniques should be guided by a relevant, coherent, educational philosophy. Empowerment offers a practical conceptual framework for diabetes patient education. Empowering pati...

Professional competence requires a commitment to lifelong learning, self-assessment, and excellence. Complex skills such as these require flexible and comprehensive teaching and assessment measures. We describe a combination of working and performance portfolios that both foster and evaluate the development of professional competence. We explain the conceptual and practical underpinnings that m...

The purpose of this review was to understand the types of memory impairments that are associated with intellectual disability (ID, formerly called mental retardation) and the implications of these impairments for reading development. Specifically, studies on working memory, delayed memory and learning, and semantic/conceptual memory in Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, and fragile X syndrome we...

Medication adherence has received a great deal of attention over the past several decades; however, its definition and measurement remain elusive. The authors propose a new definition of medication self-management that is guided by evidence from the field of health literacy. Specifically, a new conceptual model is introduced that deconstructs the tasks associated with taking prescription drugs;...

The preservation and maintenance of locally built, handcrafted vessels is costly and time consuming, with skills of construction and operation both esoteric and rare. Functionally, such craft may be unable to fulfil their original missions to fish, carry cargo, or serve as a platform for other maritime trade. With modernization, the loss of local vessels is imminent, as are the skills, songs, w...

English language is the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca for economic, scientific, and political exchange. Therefore, command over the English language attains central place among the determinant of access to higher education and employment possibilities especially in a multilingual country like India. But traditionally “Chalk and Talk” method is used in Indian ...

The efficacy of reinforcement versus relationship therapy was evaluated on a group of 22 chronic schizophrenic patients. The groups received both therapies in balanced order. Under reinforcement therapy improved behavior was rewarded with poker chips exchangeable for meals. Under relationship therapy each patient met daily for 10-13 wk. with an individual therapist. Before and after each therap...