Control groups can sometimes provide counterfactual evidence for assessing the impact of an event or policy change on a target variable. Fitting a time series model to target and control series offers potential gains over a direct comparison between the target and a weighted average of the controls. More importantly it highlights the assumptions underlying methods such as difference in differen...

We give a probabilistic proof of the Weyl integration formula on U(n), the unitary group with dimension n. This relies on a suitable definition of Haar measures conditioned to the existence of a stable subspace with any given dimension p. The developed method leads to the following result: for this conditional measure, writing Z (p) U for the first nonzero derivative of the characteristic polyn...

A binary system for gene activation and site specific integration based on conditional recombination of transfected sequences mediated by FLP recombinase from yeast was implemented in mammalian cells. In several cell lines, FLP rapidly and precisely recombined copies of its specific target sequences to activate an otherwise silent beta-galactosidase reporter gene. Clones of marked cells were ge...

The conditional expression of hairpin constructs in Drosophila melanogaster has emerged in recent years as a method of choice in functional genomic studies. To date, upstream activating site– driven RNA interference constructs have been inserted into the genome randomly using P-element–mediated transformation, which can result in false negatives due to variable expression. To avoid this problem...

We propose and study a layer method for stochastic Navier-Stokes equations (SNSE) with spatial periodic boundary conditions and additive noise. The method is constructed using conditional probabilistic representations of solutions to SNSE and exploiting ideas of the weak sense numerical integration of stochastic differential equations. We prove some convergence results for the proposed method i...

Barndorff-Nielsen’s formula (normed likelihood with constantinformation metric) has been proffered as an approximate conditional distribution for the maximum-likelihood estimate, based on likelihood functions. Asymptotic justifications are available and the formula coincides with the saddlepoint approximation in full exponential models. It is shown that the formula has wider application than is...

Abstract Conditional gene inactivation is a powerful tool to determine function when constitutive mutations result in detrimental effects. The most commonly used technique achieve conditional employs the Cre/loxP system and its ability delete DNA sequences flanked by two loxP sites. However, targeting with sites time labor consuming. Here, we show Cre-Controlled CRISPR (3C) mutagenesis circumve...