background: well-designed interventions can improve the communication skills of physicians. since the understanding of the current situation is essential for designing effective interventions, this study was performed to determine medical interns’ confidence and use of communication skills. m aterials and methods: this descriptive-analytical study was performed in spring 2013 within 3 branches ...

In this paper, characterizations of the degree to which a mapping $mathcal{T} : L^{X}longrightarrow M$ is an $(L, M)$-fuzzy topology are studied in detail.What is more, the degree to which an $L$-subset is an $L$-open set with respect to $mathcal{T}$ is introduced.Based on that, the degrees to which a mapping $f: Xlongrightarrow Y$ is continuous,open, closed or a quotient mapping with respect t...