Recent research has demonstrated that genetic alterations or variations contribute considerably to the development of congenital heart disease. Many kinds of genetic tests are commercially available, and more are currently under development. Congenital heart disease is frequently accompanied by genetic syndromes showing both cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies. Congenital heart disease is the l...

introduction: infants born with congenital anomalies demand individualized nutritional evaluations and recommendations. the anatomical changes of neonatal surgical diseases create specific physiological constraints.patients with different congenital anomalies have different nutritional support needs. it is essential to know the exact physiology of these anomalies in order to be able to manage a...

Quadricuspid aortic valves are rare congenital anomalies which can be diagnosed by various imaging modalities. Described is the case of a 77 year old female with a quadricuspid aortic valve diagnosed by cardiac CT.

Congenital anomalies of the venous system are a challenge for cardiac catheterization and radiofrequency ablation. This article describes ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia performed solely through the azygos continuation in a patient with inferior vena cava interruption.

Background: Ultrasound imaging is an effective and routine diagnostic tool for identifying fetal anomalies. The congenital defect of Pentalogy of Cantrell, also known as Thoracoabdominal Ectopia, consists of 5 defects that include a cleft lower sternum, an anterior diaphragmatic defect, and the absence of the parietal pericardium, a connected or separate omphalocele, and a major cardiac anomaly...

Persistence of a left superior vena cava is a congenital anomaly of considerable interest but by itself exerts no apparent adverse affect on cardiac function. It may occur as an isolated lesion but more often it is associated with many congenital cardiac anomalies. Heretofore it could only be discovered at autopsy or cadaver dissection, but angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization have mad...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that fetal echocardiography (echoCG) is an accurate diagnostic tool reflecting well postnatal echoCG findings and outcomes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 290 pregnant women, including 313 fetuses, who were examined by fetal echoCG at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 2008 through April 2011. RES...

The coronary sinus (CS) is an important vascular structure that allows for access into the coronary veins in multiple interventional cardiology procedures, including catheter ablation of arrhythmias, pacemaker implantation and retrograde cardioplegia. The success of these procedures is facilitated by the knowledge of the CS anatomy, in particular the recognition of its variants and anomalies. T...