This paper reports the findings of a study on the debate of free versus fee based library services in Pakistan. The review of literature revealed that no formal survey on this topic has been carried out before. A questionnaire based survey of selected experts in the field of library and information science from various cities was conducted. Their interviews were also audio-recorded. The library...

introduction: hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. because of increasing number of infected patients throughout the world, various studies are concentrated on development of high quality diagnostic tests and genotyping in various regions of the world. methods: in this study, we used rt-pcr to isolate and a...

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This article presents the description of changes in terms of maternal, neonatal and child health due to the initiatives of Manoshi Project by Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC). Analysis of changes is also highlighted here. BRAC started the Manoshi Project to bring skilled care into the informal settlement of six major cities in Bangladesh in 2007. Three core methods including social...

It has been thought that the first cities in the Near East were spatially extensive and grew outward from a core nucleated village while maintaining a more or less constant density in terms of persons or households per unit of area. The general applicability outside of the Near East of this southern Mesopotamian.derived model has been questioned recently, and variations from it are increasingly...

Society in India is still largely organized on the basis of caste and religion, which affect the social, economic and political structure of the society and thereby influence the course of population change (Abha, 1992). Social aspect in Indian cities, which is very peculiar in the society, is the distribution of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe. The scheduled castes and scheduled tribes con...

Hexagonal population distributions of several sizes are shown to be selforganized from a uniformly inhabited state, which is modeled by a system of places (cities) on a hexagonal lattice. Microeconomic interactions among the places are expressed by a core–periphery model in new economic geography. Lösch’s ten smallest hexagonal distributions in central place theory are guaranteed to be existent...

This article presents an overview of current and potential applications of living technology to some urban problems. Living technology can be described as technology that exhibits the core features of living systems. These features can be useful to solve dynamic problems. In particular, urban problems concerning mobility, logistics, telecommunications, governance, safety, sustainability, and so...