The ability of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and G-CSF to influence hematopoiesis in long-term cultures (LTC) of human marrow was studied by cocultivating light density normal human marrow cells with human marrow fibroblast feeders engineered by retroviral infection to constitutively produce one of these growth factors. Feeders producing stable levels of 4 ng/mL GM-C...

Event-free survival for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) now exceeds 80% in the most effective trials. Failures are due to relapse, toxicity, and second cancers such as therapy-related myeloid leukemia or myelodysplasia (t-ML). Topoisomerase II inhibitors and alkylators can induce t-ML; additional risk factors for t-ML remain poorly defined. The occurrence of t-ML among children...

The role of recombinant rat stem cell factor (rrSCF) was studied on defined primitive bone marrow cell populations. In agar culture of 500 lineage-negative/Sca-1-positive (Lin-/Sca-1+) cells, rrSCF alone stimulates small colonies of predominantly granulocytic cells. The combinations of rrSCF plus interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or macrophage CSF ...

/Ag/ml; strain2-MIC 1 ,g/ml, MBC 2 ,g/ml. Animals were treated with either ampicillin or chloramphenicol in dosages that achieved a peak bactericidal effect in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for ampicillin against both strains. Two different dosages were used for chloramphenicol. The first dosage achieved a peak CSF concentration of 4.4±1.1 gg/ml that produced a bacteriostatic effect against strainI...

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV RNA load may be associated with central nervous system (CNS) disease in HIV infected subjects. We investigated parameters associated with CSF HIV RNA within a large clinical cohort. METHODS All HIV infected subjects undergoing CSF examination including assessment of CSF HIV RNA at St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK between January 2008 and October 2010 we...

Soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), total protein, uric acid, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) levels were analyzed in 153 (19 cytology(+), 134 cytology(-)) pairs of CSF and serum samples and the data were compared with the results of cytologic examination to find new CSF markers of CNS involvement in 77 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The C...

We reported previously that treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces differentiation of human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells to granulocytes, whereas treatment with ATRA alone induces practically no differentiation of these cells. To investigate the mechanism of the synergistic effect of these factors, we examined the ...

Plectasin is the first defensin-type antimicrobial peptide isolated from a fungus and has potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. By using an experimental meningitis model, the penetration of plectasin into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infected and uninfected rabbits and the bactericidal activities in CSF of the plectasin variant NZ2114 and ceftriaxone against a penicillin-resistant...

The effect of theophylline on colony stimulating factor production by the lung tissue was investigated. Addition of various concentrations of theophylline to the lung conditioned medium enhanced CSF production at 10 µg/ml and at higher concentrations showed an inhibitory effect. Determination of the phosphate content of the medium showed a decrease at 1-3 hours of incubation. Addition of A...